Why our cities are becoming a corporate monoculture

Thoughts on a Tim Hortons moving into our neighbourhood

There are many lovely coffee shops up and down St. Clair Ave West near my home. And now we are getting a branch of the big Brazilian coffee chain, Tim Hortons, on the ground floor of a new condo next to the new liquor store.

Twenty years ago, when I worked in prefab and was driving to the factory in Wingham, Ontario, a Timmys opened, and three restaurants on Main Street closed the next day, realizing that there was no point staying open and trying to compete. I suspect it will be different on St. Clair and that it will be Timmy that has trouble.

The Brunswick in its Rexall phase (it is now a Variety Village)

The problem is, big chains have taken over Toronto; the Hard Rock Cafe and the Brunswick Tavern both turned into drugstores. I assumed it is because the boomers are now more interested in buying Depends instead of drafts. Everywhere, it is banks and drugstores.

Michael Shuman, in his 2007 book The Small-Mart Revolution, explained why we should avoid the chains and support local businesses:

Going local does not mean walling off the outside world. It means nurturing locally owned businesses which use local resources sustainably, employ local workers at decent wages and serve primarily local consumers. It means becoming more self-sufficient and less dependent on imports. Control moves from the boardrooms of distant corporations and back into the community where it belongs.

Seen on Bloor Street in Toronto

Local businesses add so much more to our communities, and provide so many opportunities, and sometimes even a bit of humour. We should be doing everything we can to support them, and to keep out the big chains that are sucking up all the money.

A few years ago, I wrote about the problem of retail in new buildings, as we are seeing along St. Clair as it goes from two storeys to ten. It is a much-needed transition; the city needs housing, and it has great transit most of the time. The post was removed from Treehugger, but I am republishing it here because it looks at the reasons we get nothing but banks, government liquor stores, drugstores and Timmys in our new buildings.

Why Old Buildings Matter: New Buildings Create a Corporate Monoculture.

It's strange. You would think that with all the young people moving back into cities and renting apartments or buying condos, you would bet businesses starting that cater to them, particularly restaurants and bars. Given that their apartments are so small and their days so full of work, that the restaurants would be their dining rooms. In fact, the opposite is true. Instead, you get pretty much a monoculture of corporate chains and non-food services. Amy Pataki explains why in the Toronto Star:

Developers, property managers and individual businesses who own the retail spaces — condo corporations don’t — have their own concerns. “Bringing in a restaurant is usually a headache. Insurance goes up. Venting costs money,” says one development consultant.

Lenders who finance construction don't like mom-and-pop restaurants either; as the developer of perhaps the most obnoxious condo in the trendiest part of Toronto noted unsurprisingly, "Let’s say McDonald’s came to us. The likelihood of McDonald’s paying the rent is dramatically different than a one-off restaurant owner."

Where Jane Jacobs noted that new ideas need old buildings, I have written that "young people need old buildings"” You won't find a vinyl record store or a tattoo shop in these new towers. Chris Hume picks up the story:

The streets of Toronto have become a reconfiguration of the expected brands, logos, colours and signs. Subway, Starbucks, Tims, McDonald’s, Shoppers and, at every corner, another bank branch have washed across the city like some tsunami of sameness, and condos are their enablers.

Besides the banks and the developers, he blames the condo owners too. Afraid of noise, smells, and people who are not condo owners like them, Chris says, "each condo is a NIMBY fortress and every management board its own Spanish Inquisition." He quotes former city councillor Kyle Rae on the lack of diversity and choice:

They don’t want noise. They don’t want smells. They don’t want cooking on the premises . . . So you get the Tim Hortons, Starbucks and so on; they just truck in the supplies they need.

I have made the case before that "the creative economy thrives in older, mixed-use neighbourhoods because they are generally more interesting and fun to be in and you don't have to eat lunch at McDonalds." As Chris notes,

The most vital streets in Toronto are those lined with small and often unremarkable two- or three-storey buildings that have two huge advantages: one, they are flexible and, two, they are older and, therefore, the mortgages tend to be paid off.

I know that many would put me in Felix Salmon's class of "nostalgists and NIMBYs," afraid of density and development. That's not true; density is necessary and desirable. But there are ways to do it right, and there is what I call the Goldilocks density. I am simply warning that monocultures are bad both in nature and in real estate development.